- Ethical Principles: Nurses adhere to ethical principles which serve as decision-making frameworks. Common ethical nursing principles include:
- Autonomy: respecting the right of patients to make their own decisions and providing them with the information they need to make educated decisions.
- Beneficence entails acting in the best interest of patients, promoting their well-being, and ensuring that the benefits of care transcend the risks.
- Avoiding injury to patients and avoiding actions or omissions that could cause harm.
- Justice: Allocating healthcare resources fairly and equitably, promoting equitable access to care, and treating all patients impartially.
Maintaining trust, maintaining promises, and accepting responsibility for one’s actions and professional responsibilities constitutes loyalty.
Sincerity, candor, and openness in communication with patients, families, and colleagues constitute veracity.
Nurses uphold patient confidentiality by recognizing their right to privacy and protecting their personal health information. When managing patient data, they adhere to legal and ethical standards, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and ensure that information is shared only when necessary.
- Informed Consent: Nurses play a vital role in obtaining patients’ informed consent prior to performing any procedures or treatments. This involves explaining the purpose, risks, benefits, and alternatives of the proposed intervention and ensuring that the patient comprehends the provided information. Nurses advocate for patient autonomy and ensure that assent is voluntary and founded on a comprehensive comprehension of the situation.
- End-of-Life Care: Ethical considerations frequently arise in situations involving end-of-life care. Nurses participate in discussions regarding advance care planning, resuscitation, palliative care, and family support during the dying process. The promotion of comfort, dignity, and reverence for dying patients is guided by ethical principles.
- Ethical Difficulties: Nurses are frequently confronted with ethical dilemmas requiring critical reasoning and ethical decision-making. Ethical quandaries may entail conflicts between patient autonomy and beneficence, justice and resource allocation, or conflicts of interest. To navigate these complex situations, nurses rely on ethical frameworks and consult with colleagues and ethics committees.
- Maintaining professional boundaries is essential in nursing practice to ensure appropriate patient relationships. To safeguard patient autonomy, confidentiality, and trust, nurses must establish distinct boundaries. Dual relationships, conflicts of interest, and personal involvement with patients that could compromise professional judgment or objectivity are avoided.
- Professional Development: To enhance their knowledge, skills, and ethical decision-making abilities, nurses engage in lifelong learning and continuous professional development. They remain current on evolving ethical guidelines, research, and healthcare policies in order to provide care that is both evidence-based and ethically sound.
- Interprofessional Collaboration: Nurses collaborate with counterparts from other healthcare disciplines to provide patients with ethical, holistic care. Optimal patient outcomes require effective communication, respect for diverse perspectives, and the promotion of collaboration.
It is essential for nurses to understand ethical principles, ruminate on ethical dilemmas, and seek guidance when confronted with difficult situations. Codes of ethics, professional organizations, and nursing ethics committees provide nurses with resources and support for upholding ethical standards and maintaining professionalism.
