• Physical: Efficient functioning of the body; maintaining physical health through exercise, nutrition, and sleep.
• Intellectual: The ability to use intellectual capacities and knowledge to think critically, learn, and make decisions.
• Emotional: The capacity to manage and express emotions appropriately and maintain mental health.
• Social: The ability to form meaningful relationships and interact well with others.
• Spiritual: Involves having a sense of purpose, values, and beliefs that provide direction in life.
• Environmental: Awareness of how external factors such as air, water, and living conditions impact health and well-being.

2. Health Promotion:

• Definition: The development of positive health behaviors by providing knowledge, techniques, and community support.
• Components:
  • Knowledge: Learning new information about health-related behaviors and their benefits or risks.
  • Techniques: Applying this knowledge to daily life and finding ways to modify current behaviors.
  • Community Supports: Utilizing environmental or regulatory measures to support the adoption of health-promoting behaviors.

3. Healthy People 2020:

• Vision: A society where all people live long, healthy lives.
• Goals:
  • Attain high-quality, longer lives free from preventable disease, injury, and premature death.
  • Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
  • Create social and physical environments that promote good health for everyone.
  • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

4. NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey):

• Focus: Assesses the nutritional and health status of Americans.
• Data Collection: Includes dietary intake, medical history, biochemical evaluations, physical exams, and measurements of selected American population groups.
• Food Intake Records: Participants keep a record of what they eat for 2 days (referred to as “What We Eat in America”).
• Comparison: Nutrient values are compared with recommended dietary standards.

5. Disease Prevention:

• Primary Prevention: Activities that prevent the initial development of a disease or poor health (e.g., vaccinations, healthy diet).
• Secondary Prevention: Early detection of diseases to halt or reduce their effects (e.g., screenings, early treatment).
• Tertiary Prevention: Efforts taken after a disorder has developed to minimize further complications or restore health (e.g., rehabilitation, chronic disease management).

6. Health Literacy:

• Formal Education: Structured education in school settings, such as health courses taught by a school nurse.
• Nonformal Education: Learning that occurs through organized events in hospitals, clinics, and community centers (e.g., American Heart Association workshops).
• Informal Education: Education that happens during daily activities, such as watching TV, reading newspapers, or conversations. Nurses teaching patients and their families falls under this category.

7. Nutrients:

• Categories and Functions:
  • Carbohydrates: Provide energy.
    • Simple Carbohydrates: Sugars found in fruits, milk, and sweeteners.
    • Complex Carbohydrates: Starches and fibers found in cereals, grains, pastas, fruits, and vegetables.
    • Source: Glucose.
    • Kcal Values: 4 kcal per gram.
  • Proteins: Provide energy, regulate body processes, and aid in growth and repair.